Printing And Writing Papers Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Example

Printing And Writing Papers Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Paper Printing And Writing Papers Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Printing and writing papers are used for newspapers, books, magazines, stationeries, commercial printing and digital printing among others. On the basis of product type, the printing and writing papers market is divided into coated mechanical, uncoated mechanical, coated free-sheet and uncoated free-sheet. Among the product segment, only uncoated mechanical has shown growth and is anticipated to follow similar trend over forecast period. Visit Complete Report Here: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/analysis-details/printing-and-writing-papers-market-global-industry-analysis-size-share-growth-trends-and-forecast-2013-2019 The market for printing and writing papers was mainly driven by increasing demand from tissue and packaging products. The demand has increased owing to growing demand from containerboards. In addition, printing and writing papers are also used in digi tal printing, commercial printing, office reprographics, magazines, catalogs and stationeries. Commercial printing is the leading application for printing and writing papers. Various types of new packaging techniques in emerging markets are likely to be a major opportunity for the printing and writing papers market. However, environmental regulations associated with paper and pulp industry is likely to be the major restraint for the market. In terms of demand, Asia Pacific is the fastest emerging region for printing and writing papers market. The demand is huge due to lower consumption of paper compared with other regions. In addition, national governments in the countries of China, India, and other Asian countries are taking initiatives to facilitate literacy rate. The demand from North America, South America and European countries market is declining due to stagnation of the market and is likely to exhibit lower growth in near future. The Rest of the World is

Free Essays on World Trade Center

And so†¦ it has started†¦ â€Å"What?† you will ask. Well, it depends. It depends on the way you look at the world you live in. It depends on how you understand it. It depends on whether you are religious or not. It also depends on whether you are willing to open your eyes to try and see what is happening to the human race in its latest, and, as some predict, last chapter. Some sources, including the Bible, Revelation Book 9, say it is the start of the end of the world, as we know it. Some say it is the start of World War III, as America and its allies, after destroying terrorist sites in Afghanistan, will continue onto other rogue countries and organizations. Opportunists say that it is a great time for the Western world, U.S. in particular, to solidify its might and influence throughout the rest of the world. In fact, looking at the overall image of historical development of world powers, the present times are becoming a fixture of the new civic landscap e {Joe Klein}. After the attacks on September 11th, the unity between American people became obvious. When I look into people’s eyes, walking by, or sitting in my car, crawling in traffic, never before have I seen so much of this ‘something’, something that is warm†¦ something that says ‘Hello, how you doing?’ The crime rate decreased significantly since the attacks. People understand that there’s something large and significant at stake now – our way of life. American flags are everywhere – in windows, on cars, on people’s clothing. Some people even have tattoos, showing their pride. These things demonstrate unity and we feel proud to be who we are. This tragic event has brought our nation much closer together, there is an overwhelming sense of togetherness, and the nationalism that is seen is amazing. But, it’s too bad that, as usual, it takes death to bring people closer together {Special Urbsoc Forum}. During the first week afte... Free Essays on World Trade Center Free Essays on World Trade Center And so†¦ it has started†¦ â€Å"What?† you will ask. Well, it depends. It depends on the way you look at the world you live in. It depends on how you understand it. It depends on whether you are religious or not. It also depends on whether you are willing to open your eyes to try and see what is happening to the human race in its latest, and, as some predict, last chapter. Some sources, including the Bible, Revelation Book 9, say it is the start of the end of the world, as we know it. Some say it is the start of World War III, as America and its allies, after destroying terrorist sites in Afghanistan, will continue onto other rogue countries and organizations. Opportunists say that it is a great time for the Western world, U.S. in particular, to solidify its might and influence throughout the rest of the world. In fact, looking at the overall image of historical development of world powers, the present times are becoming a fixture of the new civic landscap e {Joe Klein}. After the attacks on September 11th, the unity between American people became obvious. When I look into people’s eyes, walking by, or sitting in my car, crawling in traffic, never before have I seen so much of this ‘something’, something that is warm†¦ something that says ‘Hello, how you doing?’ The crime rate decreased significantly since the attacks. People understand that there’s something large and significant at stake now – our way of life. American flags are everywhere – in windows, on cars, on people’s clothing. Some people even have tattoos, showing their pride. These things demonstrate unity and we feel proud to be who we are. This tragic event has brought our nation much closer together, there is an overwhelming sense of togetherness, and the nationalism that is seen is amazing. But, it’s too bad that, as usual, it takes death to bring people closer together {Special Urbsoc Forum}. During the first week afte... Free Essays on World Trade Center Feelings are a part of everything that we do. Feelings are emotions on all events that happen to us. They are what we feel. Think of an event, such as the New York tragedy. Whether we felt confused, shock, sad, scared, angry, or sorrowful, it was due to what had happened. On Sept 11, I was in shock as I heard of the attacks, I felt a great amount of sadness towards the victims, and I was full of anger toward the people behind the attacks. I was in shock as I heard of the attacks on the Twin Towers. I still remember that mournful day. I was awakened by the cold winds coming from my open window. I got up to close the window and saw how the weather was outside. It was a dark and cloudy day. I turned on the TV, and I saw the video footage of the world trade center. My first reaction was this must be from some action movie. Never in my wildest imagination had I thought this would happen. My sister called me and told me the news, and she couldn’t believe it either. I thought that New York was under attack from aliens or something from outer space. I would have never believed that these attacks would be from the hands of another human being. I sat down, body and mind in shock. That day, I didn’t leave my bedroom until nine A.M. Ashcroft said, â€Å"We will rebuild New York. It’s our nature. It’s our spirit.† I was in shocked at the news. Then I felt very sad when I saw the two towers collapsing and killing thousands of people. I thought about the victims in the two towers, their families, and their poor children. I felt sorry for the employees in the World Trade Center, because they were in the wrong place at the wrong time. My deepest regard goes out to the victims’ families, for losing someone special in their lives. I saw a woman on national television crying aloud when she hears of her daughter in the building when the attack happened. As I think deeper, I think about all the children left behind. The chil...

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Writer's choice - Essay Example 36).1 This paper explores the development of the slavery system in the New York colonies and compares it to that in the Southern colonies. Slavery in New York dates back to the period between 1626 and 1827. Although it is not mentioned in many historical books and other slavery materials, slavery greatly contributed to the development of the NY City. The same case was copied by the southern colonies, Manhattan. Unlike in the Northern colonies, the Southern ones appeared to be more brutal in its dealings with the slaves. This is attributed to the load of work that existed in the Southern states. They relied on them in entirety in their day-to-day operations. Both the Dutch and the New Yorkers saw the Africans and the black Americans as the group fit to be slaves despite the society having had other more marginalized groups based on religion and race, even though they demonstrated in their slavery life to free themselves. The African Burial Ground is a landmark located in Manhattan. This is the place where the death victims of slavery, mostly Africans, were buried. It was discovered in 1991 during the construction of the New Federal Office Building. Over 400 dead Africans were buried here following loss of lives in the hands of the Dutch colonizers (Jones, 2009).2 This is a clear indication of the mistreatment the slaves received in the Southern colonies which amounted to in-human treatments of being man-handled ‘The graves revealed to New Yorkers and the nation an aspect of history long hidden: the large numbers of enslaved African and African American men, women, and children who laboured to create colonial Manhattan’ (Harris, 2004, p. 14). Unlike the New York colonizers, the southern colonies viewed black slaves as vessels meant to serve them the way they desired. Therefore, they cared less about their lives, and if a

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 16

Ethics - Essay Example The Chinese civilization focused on agriculture. Taoism and Confucianism acted as the two main schools of thoughts and Chinese philosophy. The interaction of Chinese civilization with nature has led its people to gain an appreciation and admiration towards nature (Gao, 2012). The Chinese culture highly value nature. The valuing of nature in this culture results from emotional influences. Chinese art such as gardening, landscape painting and poetry has a close relationship with nature. This shows that the pursuit of nature with harmony is a constant event and effort in Chinese cultural practice and philosophy. The Chinese culture views nature as a self-generating process of reproduction and production of life. The Chinese economy heavily relies on manufacturing and exporting, which leads to immense environmental degradation. Additionally, China has made huge investments in the exploitation of natural resources in Asia and African countries. This also leads to massive environmental degradation because of overexploitation. The interactions of Chinese societies with nature are influenced by the concept of chi that plays a crucial role in Chinese philosophy. The concepts of chi and empathy immensely influence the Chinese appreciation of nature. Chinese philosophy views nature as an organic system that is continuously self-generating. The concept of chi is essential in the ethical interaction and appreciation of nature. Chi contains both spiritual and material meaning (Gao, 2012). Cheng Chung-Ying states that chi contains epistemological, metaphysical and scientific theory and aesthetic dimension (Cheng, 1986, 356). Chi has characteristic features that are closely interconnected. These features are creativity, emptiness and continuity. Continuity means that chi is the basic component that makes everything. Therefore, all spaces and things are

Analyse the concepts of 'culture shock' and 'cultural adjustment' and Essay

Analyse the concepts of 'culture shock' and 'cultural adjustment' and critically assess some possible consequences of th - Essay Example It involves the difficulties in trying to assimilate into the new culture or the new environment which leads to difficulty in understanding what is proper and what is considered as not being correct. Mostly it is combined with a lot of disgust about some aspects of the different or new culture. In most cases, culture shock may not occur suddenly. It may take some time to begin affecting the moods of the person involved. The duration of time an individual may experience culture shock is based on the period they have to stay in that environment, their self awareness level and the period they take to adjust and blend into the new surrounding. If the person is able to adjust at a faster rate, the better for him or her since the shock may not be as severe as when they did not know anything about the new culture or environment. One may note that he or she is experiencing culture shock when they experience some symptoms such as self doubts and being hostile more than usual (Taylor, 1990). A n example of culture shock is in the case of a university student from a different culture attending school in a totally different environment, for example, an African student attending university in the United States. Such a student will meet a totally different type of culture from the one he or she is used to. He may get hard timed trying to adjust and blend in. These hardships are part of culture shock. Culture adjustment is trying to change according to the shock associated with the change of environment. Living in a different culture that is dissimilar from the one someone is used to may be an adventure that is exiting as well as a challenging one. No matter what country one comes from, once they move from their country to another, they will have to go through cultural adjustment due to the difference in cultures (Vivian, 1999). Understanding the process of adjustment may involve getting some support from other people who are familiar with the culture and may be an exiting exp erience, both professionally and personally. Culture may be defined in a number of ways that may bring out different meanings. In some cases, it may be used to refer to the act of appreciating good literature, food, art and music. For biologists, it may be used to refer to a colony of different types of bacteria or some other organisms. However, for the behavioral science, it is a range of patterns of human behavior. It may be otherwise defined as a complex whole that includes belief, knowledge, art, customs, law and any habits and capabilities that is acquired by people as a part of a given society. Culture is a very powerful tool for the survival of human, but it is also a fragile phenomenon. Culture is consistently changing and may be lost easily since it usually exists in the human mind (Rogers, 1996). Culture is comprised of different layers. The national level deals with the awareness of the dynamics of culture and their patterns by nationality. The national level is relevant for certain areas such as getting into new markets, cross border division and relationships based on international outsourcing. Another level is the organizational level which focuses on culture dynamics experiences in different organizations (Rogers, 1996). The other levels include the regional or ethnic level that involves the difference in culture between different ethnical groups, generation level that is

Smart Sensors And Controllers Information Technology Essay

Smart Sensors And Controllers Information Technology Essay Smart sensors are sensors with integrated electronics that can do one or move following functions:- Logic functions, two-way communication, make decisions. It consists of transduction element, signal conditioning electronic and controller or processor that supports some intelligence in a single package. This paper introduces concept of smart sensors and controllers systematically. The progress in the integrated circuits become possible because of the tremendous progress in semiconductor technology, resulted in the low cost microprocessor. By designing a low cost sensor which is silicon based the overall cost of the control system can be reduced. The usefulness of silicon technology as a smart sensor, physical phenomena of conversion to electrical output using silicon sensors, characteristics of smart sensors. The silicon sensor can produce output, as voltage, current, resistance or capacitances, output format can be analog or digital. Suitable signal conditioning circuits along with processor can easily designed using silicon technology. The presence of controller or processor in smart sensor has lead to corrections for different undesirable sensor characteristics which include input offset and span variations, non-linearity and cross sensitivity. As these are carried in software, no additional hardware is required and thus calibration becomes an electronic process. Reduced cost of bulk cables and connectors, cost improvement and remote diagnostics are the qualities of smart sensors. In this paper specifically laser based smart displaced sensor is explained, how smart sensors help anesthesiologist in Anaesthesia supervision is elaborated. An effort is made to demonstrate a prototype Sensor system. Smart dishwasher controller. Features of smart valve controller ends this paper. INDEX SR. NO. CONTENTS 1 Introduction (Smart Sensors) 2 Usefulness of silicon technology in smart sensor 3 General architecture of smart sensor 4 Importance and Adoption of smart sensor 5 Distributed smart sensor system 6 Application in Anaesthesia supervision 7 Smart Controller(Smart Dishwasher Controller) 8 Smart Valve Controller 9 Conclusion 10 References 1. INTRODUCTION: We can have integrated a sensor, which has electronics and the transduction element together on one silicon chip. This complete system can be called as system-on-chip .The main aim of integrating the electronics and the sensor is to make an intelligent sensor, which can be called as smart sensor. Smart sensors then have the ability to make some decision. Physically a smart sensor consists of transduction element, signal conditioning electronic and controller/processor that support some intelligence in a single package. Definition: -Smart sensors are sensors with integrated electronics that can perform one or more function, a) logic functions b) two-way communication c) make decisions. 2. USEFULNESS OF SILICON TECHNOLOGY IN SMART SENSOR: There are very convincing advantages of using silicon technology in the construction of smart sensor. All integrated circuits employ silicon technology. A smart sensor is made with the same technology as integrated circuits. A smart sensor utilizes the transduction properties of one class of materials and electronic properties of silicon (GaAs). A transduction element either includes thin metal films, zinc oxide and polymeric films. Integrating electronics circuits on the sensor chip makes it possible to have single chip solution. Integrated sensors provide significant advantages in terms of overall size and the ability to use small signals from the transduction element. Different silicon sensors can be obtained by employing above effects. The silicon sensor can produce output as voltage, current, resistance or capacitance. Output format can be analog or digital. Suitable signal conditioning circuits along with processor can easily be designed using silicon technology. The presence of controller or processor in smart sensor has lead to corrections for different undesirable sensor characteristics, which include input, offset and span variations, on linearity and cross sensitivity. As these are carried out in software, no additional hardware is required and thus calibration becomes an electronic process. Signal conversion effects: Signal Domain Examples (Measured) Examples(Physical Effects in silicon) Radiant Signals Light Intensity, polarization Photovoltaic-effect, photoelectric effect Mechanical Signals Force, pressure, flow, vaccum Piezo-resistivity Thermal Signals Temp, Temp. gradient Seebeck effect Chemical Signals Concentration, pH, toxicity Ion sensitive field effect Magnetic Signals Field intensity, flux density Hall effect 3. General Architecture of Smart Sensor: It is similar to a data acquisition system, the only difference being the presence of complete system on a single silicon chip. In addition to this it has on-chip offset and temperature compensation. BLOCK LEVEL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SMART SENSOR: Design choice of smart sensor depends on the specific application for which the sensor is required and also related to specific industry. 4. Importance and Adoption of Smart Sensor: Following are qualities of smart sensor: a) Reduced cost of bulk cables and connectors, b) Remote Diagnostics 4.1 Enhancement of Application:- Smart sensor also enhances the following applications a) Self calibration b) Computation c) Communication d) Multisensing. 4.2 System Reliability: System reliability is significantly improved due to the utilization of smart sensors. One is due to the reduction in system wiring and second is the ability of the sensor to diagnose its own faults and their effect. 4.3 Improvement in Characteristics: There is improvement in following characteristics: Non-linearity, Cross-sensitivity, Offset, Parameter drift and component values. 4.4 Summary of Different Smart Sensors: Some of the smart sensors developed at different research institutes are as follow: Optical Sensor: Optical sensor is one of the examples of smart sensor, which are used for measuring exposure in cameras, optical angle encoders and optical arrays. Similar examples are load cells silicon based pressure sensors. Accelerometer: Accelerometer fabricated at the IBM Research laboratory at San Jose California, which consists of the sensing element and electronics on silicon. The accelerometer itself is a metal-coated SiO2 cantilever beam that is fabricated on silicon chip Integrated Multi-Sensor: Integrated multi-sensor chip developed at the electronics research Laboratory University of California. This chip contains MOS devices for signal conditioning with on chip sensor, a gas flow sensor, an infrared sensing array, a chemical reaction sensor, a cantilever beam, accelerometer, surface acoustic wave vapor sensor, a tactile sensor array and an infrared charge coupled device imager. 5. Distributed Smart Sensor System: A distributed smart sensor system consists of a network backbone, on which reside many nodes. Nodes may be loosely classified as either sensor nodes or controller nodes. Sensor nodes are those, which tend to send data to the network, and controller nodes are those, which tend to gather data from the network. A prototypical smart sensor node consists of three elements: a physical transducer, a network interface, and a processor/memory core. The transducer senses the physical quantity being measured and converts it into an electrical signal. Then the signal is fed to an A/D converter, and is now ready for use by the processor. The processor will perform some signal processing on the data, and depending on how it is programmed, may send the resulting information out to the network. Network transactions are handled by the network interface block. Note that these are only functional definitions and that MEMS technology potentially allows all three blocks to be implemented on a single die. A prototypical controller node consists of processor/memory, a network interface, and input/output devices for communicating with human users. It is used to collect information from the sensor nodes, to program the sensor nodes, and to provide feedback to the user. Placing all the sensors on a common network bus enables plug and play ease of installation. That is, no new wires have to be routed to accommodate new nodes. Fig.No.5 Smart Sensor System Fig.No.6Prototype Smart Sensor Node 6. Specific Application Of Smart Sensor In Medical Field : The Anaesthesia Supervision: Actually, the essential difficulty of anaesthesia supervision results of the fact that, each characteristic signal (adequate ventilation of lungs, adequate circulation, and intra cranial pressure) is assessed separately. Consequently, it is difficult for the anesthesiologist to evaluate the patients conditions. Moreover, he should able to distinguish equipments dysfunction of a real variation of the patient state. So propose a new architecture for anaesthesia supervision, based on concept of smart sensor. The Contribution of This System Are As Follows:- 1. The elaboration of a rate order from the trend curve of pressure measure and precedent rate.2. The supervision of the difference between the intracranial pressure and mean arterial pressure. Validation data processing Patient CARDIOCAP CAPNOMAC ANEMONE Validated data bare Rough Data Base Elaborated Information and newservices Anesthesiologist Patient Sensor N Central Supervision Unit Communication medium of field bus type Sensor 2 Sensor 1 Fig.No.7Central Data Processing Unit Fig.No.8.uture Architecture of Anaesthesia Supervision 7.Smart Controller: Smart controller is the latest inventory mode of controller. Smart Dishwasher Controller:Current dishwashers enable the user to choose cycle selection, heat selection, and a start delay. Our Smart Controller will remove the cycle options by utilizing a turbidity sensor. The Smart Controller will interface with two modules: the control panel and the dishwasher hardware. Based on user inputs of heat and delay, the controller will send control signals to the proper dishwasher components. The addition of new sensors allows a more accurate pre-wash cycle that can rinse the dishes as long as necessary to remove the loose grit before starting the main cycle. This saves time, energy, and waterafter all, even if the pre-wash cycle actually takes LONGER to run, the user will not have to rewash dishes!It will have inputs both from the user and from onboard sensors; the micro controller that will process the information and provide the appropriate instructions to operate the dishwasher; an amplification circuit to provide the correct signal voltage level to operate the various loads. With the use of a turbidity sensor and a microprocessor, we can take advantage of knowing that the dishes are clean. This will allow us to change the dishwasher operation from static cycles to dynamic cycles. This will undoubtedly result in more efficient wash cycles. 8. Smart Valve Controller: Fig. No. 9 Smart Valve Controller The Smart Valve Controller mounts to a valve solenoid quickly and easily- without screws, drills or additional wires. This rugged product is fully submersible and resists all moisture intrusion in water, mud and debris as deep as 12 feet. Operating off a single 9-volt battery thats guaranteed to provide power through a full season. Its also a breeze to program, with an easy to read and understand LCD display instead of cumbersome buttons and knobs. For isolated sites or power-restricted areas, and for the special needs of drip zones, the new Hunter Smart Valve Controller is your single-station solution. 9. CONCLUSION Smart sensors are becoming a considerable part of various fields such as industries, medical, defense. Silicon plays an important role in development of smart sensors. Still a lot of research is required to get benefits of smart sensors. We recognize that Home Automation is the wave of future. Smart Dishwasher controller gives future vision of Automatic Smart control system. Smooth advantage of smart controller can be sensed by practical example of smart valve controller.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun Essay -- English Literature

Raisin in the Sun In the story â€Å"Raisin in the Sun† there is basically a group of characters all in one family living in a small apartment with everyday their love dying a little more. The family is black and through the whole play it shows how segregation was played in the 1950's. Ruth Younger is a wife of Walter Younger and a Mother of Travis Younger who is living in a small living assortment and just wants to get away and move on to something bigger and something more independent. Now with her being pregnant everything for her is just going down hill. Walter Younger is the husband of Ruth and he is just a self-centered jerk who doesn’t care about anybody’s life but his. He wants to open his own business and he doesn’t care whether the family can afford it he just wants to open a business and he wants to do it whether they approve or not. Walter gets drunk and comes home drunk and makes the Younger’s life they are living worse because everyone else has to put u p with his â€Å"drunken† behavior. Mama Younger is basically the woman who takes care of everybody and everything. She has a plant that she goes to when times are hard or when she needs strength and hope. Beneatha Younger is Mama’s daughter and Walter’s sister and she is just a brat. She doesn’t know anything she is going to do in her life and she doesn’t know what she wants to do when she grows up. Now with al of that school, she has two guys come into her life, George Murchison and Asagai and that just puts more pressure on her than before and things get a little wild there. Travis Younger is Walter and Ruth’s child and he is just there in the story and at the end Walter changes his whole decision to set a good example on Travis. So Travis saves the day there. The play is full of segregation and hate towards different races and the way that a small living can impact the love of a family and the way they treat each other. Plus the hopes an d dreams that everyone has because of something that arrives in the mail get torn apart because of a dramatic climax with a very irresponsible person. Walter and Beneatha’s Father has died and there is a big check coming of his life savings of $10,000 and that is the thing that just tears the family apart. Big family, small living, lots of money, what will happen? Now, like I told you before, there is something big that is coming in the mail and it is going to cha... ...ause of the changing of one person who made all problems worse but made the biggest problem better. I basically already said the important issues that were addressed was segregation and the pride that the black people really had in themselves. Also how sad it was that some black people were willing to give in and sell their pride to the white people because the white people had more power and the blacks just wanted to make them happy and go on with their lives. That’s how sad some of the blacks were in their pride. If we could have had all black Mother’s like how Mama was then the whole black race would have had so much more self-confidence in themselves and so much more pride in themselves that they would have never let the white people push them around and they would work their hardest to be treated equally all the time. The play really made me think how much of an impact black speakers had on black people on the fight of segregation and how much everything has ch anged from the 1950's to today and how great it is that all people of all races are coming together as one, big, happy family Like the blacks sang on their road to freedom, â€Å"We shall overcome, some day†... they sure did.

Managing in Hospitality Organizations

IntroductionThe role of management in an organization, especially employee management, is crucial and determines the performance and success of the organization. It is thus essential to measure and address employee apprehension towards any change of scenario within the organization. This paper addresses employee management methods to bring about a change in their perception of a new scenarios as desirable and motivating. This involves bringing a strong shift from an intuitive stance of opposing change that stems for inertial comfort in the current setup.This paper is centered on the decision of a hotel owner to change the target clientele of the hotel from international tourists to the high-end market. The five star hotel ‘Walkerhill’ is located in the suburbs, quite far from the International airport and has this disadvantage over its competitors in terms of location. However this change would possibly be met with resistance from employees and managers, many of whom hav e worked for about 10 years. This paper puts forth approaches and methods to amiably change the perception of employees and managers at two levels – the group level and at an individual level. The objective is to convince them to adopt the changes in full trust and enthusiasm and make the new setup a successful and high-performance driven one.The next two sections discuss methods that can be employed at a group level. The first section concentrates on interpersonal behavior in the organization. It suggests how manager and employee groups can be amiably convinced about the necessity for change by acquiring their trust and involving them in the decision making process, while keeping the change in place.The second section emphasizes on the importance of a good team and processes that help in bringing about the change productively. The third section addresses coping up with organizational change at the individual level. It describes how the owner and management can communicate wi th the employees to reduce apprehensions and stress about the impending change and make them comfortable.The fourth and last section describes the role motivation plays in bringing about a positive change and high performance within an organization. Organizational changes if implemented as a drive to seek higher goals that require increased challenges, positive change in atmosphere and a renewed recognition of individual performance and achievement, can transform the common apprehension into an openly received change.Group level Interpersonal Behavior in the Workplace To convince the management, the owner must be able to communicate his ideas, logic and perceptions clearly. The owner might face some difficulty in bringing this change, since the managers have been around for long, and probably know their trade well as much as hold a strong affinity for their experience in the setup. However, there is an amicable possibility for this change.One of the things that the owner can do is g ain the trust of his managers. However, it cannot be a calculus-based approach to trust or an identification-based approach – it has to be brought through organizational citizenship behavior. Specifically, the owner has to make sure that each member of the management is treated fairly. For instance, with this issue he must give each and every one a chance to voice out his/her opinion regarding upgrading the hotel and explain why he or she is against it. This will let them know that even though the owner’s ideas may be in conflict with those of the management, the owner still values their knowledge and respects their position as managers.Once they all get their chance to share their thoughts, the owner should then explain his side, but without apparently competing with his managers about the better plan, as this will only create friction, in the form of substantive conflict and it will be even more difficult to convince the management to upgrade the hotel. Instead, the party should negotiate or bargain, and try to find a common ground. Since everyone has had his/her side heard under this approach, they can address the questions surrounding the issue of why upgrading to a 5-star hotel might be a bad idea, and what can be done to turn this around, to compensate for or resolve it.Lastly, the owner should try to control his emotions when explaining his side. No matter how harsh or how blunt the management may be, regarding his decisions as â€Å"unnecessary†, the owner must remain emotionally stable. The same goes for the management—if one of them suddenly starts raising his voice, he should be calmed down before proceeding with the meeting. They should also be reminded of their positions—they are managers, not owners—and should respect the owner’s authority over them. The owner himself should not push his weight around.Group Processes and Work Teams At Walkerhill, we value good teamwork, since good teams are more pr oductive.   To accomplish this, most productive teams must be assembled to maximize the value of their productivity.A highly productive team must be assembled that offers maximum productivity. There are no absolute set of rules to follow in assembling a good team, since every situation is different and no two minds think alike.   However, through case studies we will show guidelines in building a good team.A way to build a good team here is to incorporate healthy acceptance of changes required for a new setup that caters to a different clientele, that is, the shift from serving tourists to a high-end market.   We must incorporate this attitude into the leaders of the hotel, which means this kind of training must start with the managers.   We believe change of attitude is infectious, so changing a negative minded manager into one with a positive mindset towards the hotel’s changes isn’t just adding a positive mind but eliminating one negative mind and adding a p ositive mind.An example we would like to use is to convince the managers that instead of changing our clientele from tourists to the high-end market, we are adding or broadening our market to increase/diversify our target market.   This approach may also assure the employees that we are not abandoning our tourist market.   A positive manager is far more impactful than a positive employee.However, the manager of the team can’t influence the team much if the managers and the employees are not close.   The levels of bonds between the team members are called group cohesiveness.   To strengthen the level of group cohesiveness, we like to use two determinants of cohesiveness: group size and history of success.   We like to minimize the size of each team so the teams can work to their full potential.We can’t put a specific number of individuals per team because the need of minimum number of individuals is different for each department.   Of course, we would not be hesitant to add more individuals to a team if needed.   By minimizing the number of members needed to perform at a high grade, we can cut the labor cost and limit the level of social loafing because smaller groups eliminate social loafing.We also believe that competitiveness is good to have within the organization.   To promote this, we would have a chart indicating which teams had the best performance compared to ones in similar departments.   In addition, the winners would be rewarded for their hard work.   The reward system would reward monthly/annually and individuals/teams.   A 360 degrees approach would be applied to the feedback collection system in order to incorporate feedback at all levels within the organization to help it run more efficiently.Coping with Organizational Life: Stress and Careers In the hotel’s situation, we can raise the issue about the stress in terms of individual level. Usually, people do not like change. Some people feel scared when t hey face some change in their life. In the hotel’s case, the managers and employees were being asked for a big change by the owner of the hotel. As is the common psychology, the managers and employees did not like the change. They wanted to keep the same conditions in the hotel’s operation.In this situation, we can suppose that the managers and employees would have got some psychological pressures such as fear, uncertainty, overload, and heavy responsibility from the sudden request. We can also suppose that they would have suffered from a lot of stress by the pressures. We recognize that the owner should deal with the issue about the managers and employees’ psychological pressures and stress. In short, the owner should consider how he can relieve the managers and employees from the psychological pressures and stress, so for them to accept the new change without any resistance.As a key solution of the situation, we can think of the owner’s effective commun ications skills. The effective communications skills should include the following key points: a reasonable basis for the change, a positive and successful prospect from the change, and vast benefits for managers and employees.As the reasonable basis for the change, the owner can suggest a few examples such as decrease of the foreign tourists, or increase of the demand of the domestic high –end market. In the respect of the positive and successful prospect from the change, the owner can also represent several examples such as upgraded brand image of the hotel, more effectiveness in hotel’s operation, and increase of the profits.   In the respect of the benefit for managers and employees, the owner can suggest a few promises such as more improved work environment, higher valued position for the managers and employees, and wage raise.Through those effective communications skills, the owner would indicate the positive aspects for the change, and, through those positive a spects, he would gradually relieve the psychological pressures and stress existing within the managers and employees. As the result, we can expect that the mangers and employees would accept the change without any resistance.Motivating People to Work Towards a Change One consequential factor in making the employees of an organization accept a change and increase performance in the new scenario is motivation. Once the managers are open to the change, the next step is to cascade the motivation, benefits and ownership of the change down to the employees. This can be done at various levels through a combination of different approaches.The first step towards motivating employees to perform at a maximum level of creativity and be a valuable asset to an organization is to ensure that their basic needs are being met. The change should be perceived as enhancing the facilities that meet their lower and rudimentary needs, like good salary for personal needs, an environment that is physically a nd psychologically safe to work in and is conductive to social affiliation and professional bonding. Once an employee finds that these things are in place, and a change will only enhance these factors, maximized performance, desire for success and recognition of accomplishments come naturally.Another step that motivates people is the urge to fill the gap between differences of outcomes and efforts in a job and turn relationships into equitable ones where ratios of outcome/input are similar between their colleagues and co-workers. This factor can be employed to increase motivation at two levels. One is by showing that the change put the employees at par in benefits with employees of other luxury hotels, who may be enjoying more remuneration for the similar responsibilities. The second approach is to introduce transparency in the organization so that employees are aware of roles that are fulfilled responsibly and achieve a good outcome/input ratio, thus stimulating them to model it.Th e hotel should have a very transparent scenario for rewarding and growth that makes the employees aware that a good performance is visible and appreciated at the top-most organizational level. The employees feel motivated to increase effort to enhance performance and are confident of being recognized and rewarded. This also recursively adds to the atmosphere of the organization and keeps people happy, which in turn also enhances motivation and appreciation of a conductive setup.One important approach to making employees work towards a new scenario is setting new goals and making them recognize the challenges of a higher goal level. Combined with a reassurance in the possibility of attaining the feasible yet possibly difficult end, goal setting enhances performance strongly by inducing a desire to reach a goal and feel competent while realizing self-efficacy. Difficult tasks and high goal commitment together maximize performance as opposed to low commitment. To achieve this specific, high performance goals need to be defined. Goals should be difficult yet feasible. This should be combined with feedback, which facilitates in gauging goal attainment. And lastly, this should be allowed time as it takes some time to reach and sustain performance at the new level.A new scenario brings about new job responsibilities. Jobs should be designed as to increase the motivation and performance of the employees. Each role should be designed as to appear inherently appealing. Jobs can include more number of tasks at the same level of responsibility and skills (horizontal loading) or with higher levels of skills and responsibilities (vertical loading). The new role should make people feel that they are doing meaningful and valuable work.Meaningfulness of a work is impacted by skills variety, degree to which a task requires responsibility from beginning to end (task identity) and task significance , as to the impact it has on others. Responsibility for outcome of work is determi ned by autonomy the employees have in determining their own task plan, schedule, etc. Knowledge of the actual result of activities is driven by feedback. This gives the employees a measure of their growth and development. All these together result in employee motivation, performance and satisfaction.ConclusionAn organization operates successfully as a function of the employees’ motivation, committed performance, sense of ownership, growth and satisfaction. While any organization constantly changes and evolves during its life, a sharp change almost always accompanies with employee insecurity and apprehension. Thus it requires foresight, planned and calculated effort to assuage the employee mindset and make it welcome the changed scenario as positive. This requires employing various methods at group and individual levels to make the benefits of change apparent.It is important to involve the employee as a part owner of the change and be a proactive participant in the action plan for the change. This also helps the top decision-makers and owners see details that may have been overlooked in planning the strategy to meet change.The organizational modifications can be brought about successfully through adopting productive processes and forming productive teams. Good teams come with a good degree group cohesiveness and healthy competition.Changes come with employee stress and insecurity, which need to be specifically addressed by the top-level management. An organization needs to show the employee it cares, and the key to this is effective communication. Measures need to be taken to overcome individual stress.Lastly, a positive atmosphere is a predecessor of good performance. The rudimentary needs like comfort and security of employees should be enhanced so that they can concentrate on achieving success and maximizing their level of creativity. Awareness of the organizational roles and at par rival-organization roles gives employees impetus to fill the gap in t he ratio of outcome versus input. A positive variation inspires positive traversal.An organization that is transparent and rewarding inspires employees to expect reward for personal effort and makes them go that extra mile. Well defined, challenging yet achievable goals ensure high employee commitment. In addition job roles defined to increase the skills levels used, ownership of a task life and marked by impactful tasks augment the meaningfulness of the work. Autonomy in choosing the action plan for task enhances sense of responsibility. Additionally, feedback enhances measure of goal attainment thus resulting in an employee’s professional growth. All of this together contribute to the performance, satisfaction and motivation of the employees and result in low absenteeism and turnover.

heart of darkness essays

heart of darkness essays Good and Evil: Fight to the Finish William's Lord of the Flies, (1954) an Conrad's Heart of Darkness, (1902) there are affective comparisons and contrasts between the protagonist and the antagonist. Even though the protagonist and the antagonist have the same intentions, they have different motives. In Heart of Darkness, Marlow wants to save Kurtz, but the manager doesn't want Marlow to bring back Kurtz, because the manager is afraid that if Marlow brings back Kurtz than he'll have to quit his job and give it to Kurtz. In Lord of the Flies, Jack wants to take over the leadership and Ralph, on the other hand, wants to be a leader himself. Ralph wants to be the leader so that he could make some kind of plan to get off the island, but Jack wants to be a leader so he can be the ruler and hunt, so that he has meat for himself. (9, 137) The protagonist wants victory over the antagonist and the antagonist wants to de-feat the protagonist. Where as the e antagonist has an evil purpose and the protagonist had a good purpose. A similar concept between the protagonist and the antagonist is that both of them are brave enough to dare to go against each other. They don't hide from each other, but they both of out and confront each other. In Heart of Darkness, Marlow knew that the manager didn't want Kurtz back, but he was brave enough to try bringing Kurtz back. the manger knew Marlow was just like Kurtz. That he will not give up so easy. The manager did everything in his power to stop Marlow. Even if they think their opponent is stronger, they don't back away from the fear of facing them. In Lord of the Flies, Piggy knows that Jack and his tribe is stronger than him, but still he goes over to the tribe and speaks his mind out about how they were wrong. (156) when a person makes up their mind to confront their opponent, nothing can stop them. Another comparable characteristic between the protagonist and the ...

Andrew Carnegie Essay Example

Andrew Carnegie Essay Example Andrew Carnegie Essay Andrew Carnegie Essay The rise of capitalist economy was characterised by development and chance. Opportunities. if taken at the opportunity. enabled work forces to entree wealth. Andrew Carnegie is the perfect illustration of an enterpriser and adult male who built the roots of American substructure. He can besides lived the perfect’ American dream. He has a typical rags to riches’ narrative. which makes him a historical icon and an admirable adult male. Carnegie is known to hold built a luck on steel. However. the ways in which he made money could be considered an maltreatment to moralss and moral rights. Toward the terminal of his life. Carnegie decided to utilize his wealth for the greater good of the community and encouraged acquisition. For the above grounds. he can be considered as a robber baron. but I believed that he besides worked for the greater good of human nature. Carnegie was able to take chances to make a huge luck. He came from perfectly nil. but is known as a captain of industry. He monopolised wealth. conveyance and substructure. He was born in Scotland in 1835. His household migrated to America in 1848 when he was 13. As a immature male child. he worked in a cotton mill in Pittsburgh. He did non hold many old ages of schooling nor accompanied university but he became the richest adult male on the planet during the industrial revolution. In this sense. he is the embodiment of the American Dream. One of Carnegie’s expressions ; The foremost adult male gets the oyster. the 2nd gets the shell explains his calling to the full. Carnegie had the ability to place and prehend chances. to anticipate what would go on to industries and to take hazards. He besides stated that ; people who are unable to actuate themselves must be content with averageness no affair how impressive their other talents demo his ambition. Carnegie was non content with platitude. His ability to prehend chances and invest in them helped greatly his calling. He saw possible in cabling and conveyance. While he was working in the railway industry. in 1859. he saw a connexion between steel and substructure. Carnegie grabbed the chance and created a successful steel company. a great illustration of capitalist development. Carnegie’s steel company. Carnegie Steel. which opened near Pittsburgh in the 1870s. is an illustration development during the rise of capitalist economy. Carnegie created employment. The manner he ran his company can be believed to be an maltreatment of work force and human capacities. His workplace was similar to modern twenty-four hours sweatshops. He made work forces work hard. They had long hours. twelve hours per twenty-four hours. six yearss per hebdomad. in highly hapless working conditions. Because steel was in demand at the clip. due to the promotions in steam engines. Carnegie decided to maintain costs low to pull more people. However that meant that he kept his workers’ rewards low every bit good. This resulted in violent labor work stoppage in 1892. Carnegie ever preached for rights of workers and brotherhoods. However his actions did non fit his rhetoric. A major work stoppage at Carnegie Steel was a clang between capitalist economy and workers’ brotherhoods. It was bloody and violent. It lasted five month. During that clip Carnegie went to Scotland and left the company’s general director. Henry Clay Frick in charge. 300 Pinkerton armed guards were posted around the mill and 10 work forces were killed. Carnegie’s merely manner out of this quandary was to sell his mill. He sold it to J. Pier Morgan. for $ 480 million. in 1901. Andrew Carnegie turned his calling from capitalist economy to philanthropy. When Carnegie sold his steel company to Morgan. he became the richest adult male on earth . said Morgan the twenty-four hours he bought the company. In 1889. Carnegie had published an essay. in which he stated that. the rich have a moral duty to administer their money in ways to advance the public assistance and felicity of the common man . He besides said that. the adult male who dies rich therefore dies disgraced . During his life he gave off more than $ 350 1000000s. Carnegie supported instruction and reading. He donated money to 2500 libraries around the universe. The peculiar thing about Carnegie’s altruist calling is that he did non merely desire to assist people ; he wanted to assist others assist themselves. He gave away his money for the betterment of world. For illustration. giving money off to libraries alternatively of people allowed mankind educate themselves. Consequently. instruction became easier to entree for everyone. Carnegie became one of the most celebrated altruists. a complete antonym to the adult male whom exploited people in his mill. Andrew Carnegie was both a robber baron and a altruist. In my sentiment. he worked for the greater good of human nature. He was a adult male who took chances to do his calling. every bit good as giving other chances. Even though he exploited people. and the on the job conditions in his steel mill are an illustration of that. he offered them occupations. and a manner to do money for their households. I agree that in the terminal he helped others to assist themselves . His monolithic contribution of $ 350 1000000s shows his alteration of bosom towards the terminal of his life. As Carnegie. grew up in a hapless societal category. I believe that he wanted to give others similar chances as he strived for. Giving them a opportunity for instruction and free entree to libraries. The 1000000s of dollars that he donated gave others a opportunity to better their lives. I believe that Andrew Carnegie is a adult male to be remembered as one whom sought better world.

Critical Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Critical Review - Essay Example Although this explanation was devised, some studies have shown the feasibility to stabilizing the GHG at a desired low level, which implies that few information are available on the strategies that could reduce the global temperature through stabilization of GHG. Earlier studies discussed the mitigation options to lower levels of concentration of GHG through emission reduction by carbon capture and storage (CCS) (Sally Orr 303). After nearly four years, the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) new-fangled Part 810 guidelines are finally in place. The need for grandfather endowment in the new regulation means that numerous corporations will need to be decisive—in the formula of written export submissions and/or written notifications—to uphold amenability with their expertise export obligations. This regulation was apprised in 1986, and the international civil industry market has expanded in recent times. The DOE faces numerous technological challenges to deal with such emission disputes in the United States. The department should plan accordingly the termini and undertakings that are largely accredited or subject to definite authorizations. Fossil fuels are the greatest contribution to the world’s source of energy. Burning of fossil fuels is the major contributor to electricity, heating, and transportation. However, the burning fossil fuels emit carbon dioxide (CO2), which is also the major contributor to the GHG that is affecting the planet. CO2 makes up 79% of Canada’s total emission (PWGSC, 2009). CCS is a mitigation approach in which its primary focus is reducing the CO2 emission from the burning of fossil fuels. The CCS could significantly reduce the carbon footprint of fossil fuels ultimately leading to the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) that are emitted into the atmosphere affecting the ozone layer (Figure 1). CCS would

Economic Inequality and Gentrification, Assignment Essay

Economic Inequality and Gentrification, Assignment - Essay Example On the contrary, the income of top 1% in the society has been rising, further widening the inequality gap. To compound the problem of the inequality, the cost of traditional avenues of self-improvement like higher education has been exponentially increasing. In 1978, a typical male US worker was earning $48,000 a year (adjusted for inflation) but by 2010, the median wage had dropped to $33,000. Meanwhile, during the same period, the average person in 1% top bracket was earning $390,000, by 2010, the amount has almost doubled to $1,100,000. Something must have happened in 1970’s (Chaiken , Silverstein & Kornbluth , 2013). In the film, Reich argues that in 1970’s, combination of anti-union legislation and market deregulation worked together to create an economic boom but less of the wealth trickled down to the middle class (Chaiken , Silverstein & Kornbluth , 2013). But the problem was noticeable as the women we entering the market and working hours were rising recouping the lost income. Furthermore, during the same period house prices were raising allowing people to borrow. Moreover, in 1970’s there was underinvestment in education. The tuition fees were introduced hampering any hope of higher education among many people in the middle class. One of the voice in the film, Nick Hanauer’s, billionaire, believes that he does not pay enough tax. Nick continues to argue that hammering the middle class, the main drivers of the economy is wrong. The middle class are the one who buy products and services, thus creating demand, which in turn leads jobs and more taxes. The economic system puts top 1% at the center of the economic universe as the job creator instead of the middle class (Chaiken , Silverstein & Kornbluth , 2013). There is also a need to make the poor a priority. The eradication of poverty policies need to be discussed and addressed on national platform. USA needs to re-think the main strategies that are being