Inclusion Special Ed Essay - 675 Words

Inclusion Special Ed INCLUSION OF SPECIAL ED STUDENTS Inclusive education means that all students in a school, despite their strengths or weaknesses in any area, become part of the school community. They are included in the feeling of belonging among other students, teachers, and support staff. The federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and its 1997 amendments make it clear that schools have a duty to educate children with disabilities in general education classrooms. These federal regulations include rulings that guide the regulation. The IDEA requires that children with disabilities be educated in regular education classrooms unless the nature and severity of the disability is such that education in the†¦show more content†¦Adapt the time allotted and allowed for learning, task completion, or testing.For example:Individualize a timeline for completing a task; pace learning differently (increase or decrease) for some learners. Increase the amount of personal assistance with a specific learner.For examp le:Assign peer buddies, teaching assistants, peer tutors, or cross-age tutors. Input Difficulty Output Adapt the way instruction is delivered to the learner.For example:Use different visual aids, plan more concrete examples, provide hands-on activities, place students in cooperative groups. Adapt the skill level, problem type, or the rules on how the learner may approach the work.For example:Allow the use of a calculator to figure math problem; simplify task directions; change rules to accommodate learner needs. Adapt how the student can respond to instruction.For example:Instead of answering questions in writing, allow a verbal response, use a communication book for some students, allow students to show knowledge with hands-on materials. Participation Alternate Substitute Curriculum Adapt the extent to which a learner is actively involved in the task.For example:In geography, have a student hold the globe, while others point out locations.Adapt the goals or outcome expectations while using the same materials.For example:In social studies, expect a student to be able to locate just the states while others learn to locateShow MoreRelatedThe Inclusion of Children with Special Needs in a Normal Classroom972 Words   |  4 PagesCurrently, children with special needs are educated in a designated classroom or included into a general classroom. Inclusion is educating special-needs students in a classroom with non-special needs students. Debate about inclusion or separate classrooms for children with disabilities has been a topic of discussion in the educational school setting for decades. Supporters of inclusion believe special-needs students, teachers, and non-disabled students do better academically and socially in a diverseRead MoreInclusion Of Children Wit h Disabilities885 Words   |  4 PagesInclusion, known as the act of including or being included within a group or structure. In today s world the act of inclusion within the classroom is becoming more and more well known in most schools. This could be the act of including a child with special needs or even a child where their second language is English. As recent as a hundred years ago, children with disabilities received little, if any, formal education. In the tradition of segregating students during the middle to late 19th centuryRead MoreInclusion Has Been A Major Topic Between Educators And1576 Words   |  7 PagesInclusion has been a major topic between educators and parents of special needs children for years. Many believe that it would a good idea to educate general education children in the same classroom along with special needs children, including those with multiple disabilities. And then there are many that believe special education and general education can actual ly can be accomplished in one classroom along with one general education teacher and one special education teacher working together , teachingRead MoreEssay on Inclusion in the Classroom1188 Words   |  5 PagesInclusion in the Classroom Inclusion can be defined as the act of being present at regular education classes with the support and services needed to successfully achieve educational goals. Inclusion in the scholastic environment benefits both the disabled student and the non-disabled student in obtaining better life skills. By including all students as much as possible in general or regular education classes all students can learn to work cooperatively, learn to work with different kinds ofRead MoreEssay about Inclusion of Children with Autism1315 Words   |  6 PagesInclusion of Children with Autism The inclusion of children with learning disabilities into normal classrooms has proved to exhibit both positive and negative effects on children with and without disabilities. However, the negative aspects of inclusion have not proven a strong enough point in that the good, which comes from this experience, severely outweighs any doubt of its success. Inclusion of autistic children has shown to be beneficial due to the notion that these disabled kids canRead MoreThe Importance Of Inclusion In Education721 Words   |  3 PagesInclusion In a perfect world, everyone would be accepted just because we are all human beings, but, that is not the case. Children with special needs have been subjected to everything from separate classes and schools to institutions and facilities for years. With the passing of laws children with special needs were taken into consideration and the need for inclusion was brought forth. Inclusion is when all students learn, participate, and contribute to all aspects of the learning process. What isRead More Inclusion Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesexists about the definition of inclusion, it can usually be agreed upon that inclusion is a movement to merge regular and special education so that all students can be educated together in a general education classroom. Because of the lack of consensus, inclusion is a hotly debated topic in education today. Mainstreaming and Inclusion are used interchangably for many people. This is where the confusion may lie. For the purpose of this paper I will be using the term inclusion. I interpret this to mean:Read MoreSpecial Education vs Inclusive Education887 Words   |  4 PagesResearch suggests that the integration and inclusion of students with special educational needs can be beneficial to not only the student, but also to the parents, teachers and peers of the student (Stainback, Stainback Jackson, 1992). It is also suggested that integration and inclusion is also beneficial to students in areas of learning other than academic, including that of emotional and social development. Wagner is in support of inclusive education, but believes that â€Å"Placement in regularRead MoreSpecial Education : The Issue Within The Classroom1357 Words   |  6 PagesAjia Ruffin Mr. Frazier Ap. Literature 1B 23 March 2016 Special Education: The issue within the classroom Republican United States Senator, Bill Frist once stated â€Å"Every child should have the opportunity to receive a quality education†. That statement could reflect what the general public owes to all children, an opportunity to achieve their potential. So it is vital to make the most ideal learning environment for that to happen. That is the reason educators propose to continue implementing self-containedRead MoreSpecial Education And The Pros And Cons Of Inclusion Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesSpecial Education: The History of Special Education The Pros and Cons of Inclusion What is Special Education? Many of us in our society sometimes are not aware what special education is or what it is about. We don’t typically think about this because sometimes it does not affect our children or us. Special education is a program that is designed to help those who have mentally, socially, and physically and or emotional disability, in which it causes them to have some sort of delay in learning

Treatment And Commitment Therapy For Mental Illness Essay

A large problem in society is the stigmas currently being placed on mental illness. In the last 25 years, there have sadly been no signs of the end of stigmatization towards mental illness (Schomerus et al., 2016, p. 21). It is perplexing as to why these stigmas even exist as societal misconceptions because approximately 26.4% of the American population has been diagnosed with a mental illness (Kenny Bizumic, 2016, p. 178). However, the majority of people are either failing to acknowledge or ignorant of these statistics, and they are instead letting these ill-formed stereotypes prevail. Unfortunately, these judgements inevitably lead people to fear and judge mental illness and those who have been diagnosed with these illnesses (Kenny Bizumic, 2016, p. 178). If society begins to recognize the existence of these stigmas surrounding mental illness, there are interventions that can reduce the current stereotypes and change the societal perception that prevails today. Two interventions that appear to be the most effective in this endeavor are Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and social norms theory. People who fear those with a mental illness are quick to associate the mentally ill with the words â€Å"dangerous† and â€Å"crazy† (Smith, Reddy, Foster, Asbury, Brooks, 2011, p. 45). Negative attitudes and strange behaviors directed towards those who are mentally ill typically lead to more issues for the mentally ill (Hackler, Vogel, Cornish, 2016, p. 45). For example, aShow MoreRelatedThe Biological Model Of Mental Illness1356 Words   |  6 Pages As defined by experts, a mental illness is a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and involves changes in thinking, emotion, behavior, interpersonal interactions, daily functioning, or a combination. The causes of mental illness are complex and vary depending on the theories associated to the different biological, psychological, and environmental factors. The etiology of mental illness is based on five broad models: biological, psychologicalRead MoreMent al Illness And Its Effects On Society985 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In the United States, there are many people who suffer from a mental illness. Mental illness is described as causing disruptions in one’s emotional state, thought processes, and behaviors. When analyzing this this concept, one can see that mental illness is a blanket term that encompasses a wide array of mental disorders that range from mild or to severe. No one completely understands the direct cause of mental illness. Some believe that it is attributed to a biological component which arguesRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 1734 Words   |  7 Pageswhich our modern healthcare system has improved and grown in the last five decades. This includes the following areas of healthcare: the need for a healthcare reform, the lack of healthy doctor-patient relationships, and the murky definition of mental illness. Healthcare Reform Throughout history there has been a veil of mystery surrounding what truly goes on inside of asylums. This idea is illustrated clearly in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest on multiple occasions. One example can be seen whenRead MoreThe Mental Illness Of Depression1510 Words   |  7 Pages A mental illness is a â€Å"condition that impacts a person s thinking, feeling or mood and may affect his or her ability to relate to others and function on a daily basis† (Nami). Just because people are diagnosed with the same mental illness does not mean that they will react the same way as others. Some people with mental illness are very quiet, nice, and most of the time you can’t even tell that they have a mental illness, most of the time those are people that have been diagnosed with depressionRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pagesregarding mental illnesses. Many hope that this education will assuage some of the pejorative though ts about those who suffer from these symptoms. Similar to physical disorders, cases of mental illness do not always fit exactly into the dimensions outlined in textbooks. A diligent healthcare provider must explore patiently and meticulously to consider multiple alternatives in their quest to discover the true etiology. Ironically, another challenge arises after a diagnosis is stated, treatment is initiatedRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar II1377 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will provide an overview of bipolar II disorder, a personal case history, and treatment plans using solution-focused therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy to treat a client with bipolar II diagnosis. Bipolar II Disorder Bipolar II disorder is primarily characterized by states of hypomania and depression, which often impair a person’s ability to function in a social, work, or familial setting. Depression is more often an impairment than hypomaniaRead MoreStigma And Treatment Of Depression1585 Words   |  7 Pagesbarriers to treatment. Stigma plays a role in an individual’s decision to seek treatment for depression.7 Internalized stigma and treatment stigma have negative associations with seeking treatment.8 A second barrier to treatment of depression is cost.9 Despite recent policy changes stemming from the Affordable Care Act, requiring insurance plans to cover mental health, the level of coverage is still dependent upon state requirements.10 As costs of medical care continue to rise, treatment is becomingRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay example1507 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is among the most extensively tested psychotherapies for depressio n. Many studies have confirmed the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for depression. This paper will provide background information about the intervention, address the target population, and describe program structure and key components. It will also provide examples of program implementation, challenges/barriers to implementing the practice, address how the practice supportsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1015 Words   |  5 PagesMental Illness People with mental illnesses, also known as mental disorders, struggle to cope with everyday life due to their altered moods, thinking or behavior. Fortunately, treatment for mental illness or mental disorders can lead to recovery; and although treatment may include medication, it ideally also includes psychosocial therapies and support. The mental illness I will focus on is a mood disorder called depression, or major depressive disorder. Depression is the most common mood disorderRead MoreMental Health And The Prevention Of The Progression Mental Illness1222 Words   |  5 PagesMental Health Policy in Scotland Prevention Scotland has several programs to aid in the prevention of the progression mental illness. There are courses on Scotland’s Mental Health First Aid, mentally healthy workplace training, and suicide prevention training. The Mental Health First Aid training is designed to help people recognize the signs and symptoms of a mental disorder and gives people the knowledge necessary to handle a mental health crisis. The mentally healthy workplace training is focused

Counterfeit and Intellectual Property Right - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Counterfeit and Intellectual Property Right. Answer: Introduction: E-commerce or Electronic commerce is referred to the business that transfer information through internet. The e-commerce information transaction can be done for various purposes like buy, selling, promoting or any other process of business (Chen et al., 2017). From retails sites that are consumer based to the music websites all are the part of the e-commerce. The e-commerce sites are intend to gather the personal information of the user/customer. The increase of cybercrime is resulting into breaching into personal data. The blockchain technology comes into the rescue through allowing the users and organization to share data peer-to-peer networks. The use of the blockchain technology is increasing rapidly and various organizations are currently using this method to fight against the disruption in the banking industry (Broderson et al., 2016). The report is based on the medium sized financial organization. The organization was established ten years back and it initiated as the community bank. At present, the organization has two kinds of consumers (retails and corporate). The report holds extensive explanation on blockchain technology. The report represents the definition of block chain along with few examples of applications that utilizes this method. Then the possible utilization of the blockchain method within the selected financial organization has been described. Few recommendations has also been given within the report. Definition and Example: The blockchain is referred to as the decentralized, digitalized, public ledger for entire types of cryptographic transactions. This method is continuously growing as the completed blocks that have to be assumed to be the latest transactions are stored as well as added to it in chorological order. This method allows the participants to monitor the digitalized currency of transactions with no need of keeping the records in a central storage (Frey, Worner Ilic, 2016). The blockchain method can be further described into simpler terms to make its characteristics and various aspects. A block is considered to be the latest segment of the blockchain. This block stores the information of a part of transaction or the whole process of it. After the block is marked as completed, a block is transmitted to the blockchain like a permanent database. After completion of one block another is created. A blockchain is consisted of a series of numerous amount of blocks. These blocks are linked to each o ther in an appropriate direct chronological order. Each of the blocks are consisted of hash of prior block (Oh et al., 2017). Various users address and balances are included into the blockchain from the initial block to the latest block. In order to utilize the banking like an analogy, the blockchain is recognized as the banks history of transactions and individual blocks are like the distinct statement of bank regarding the transactions. The blockchain can be referred to as the electronic ledger that is capable of simplifying the operations of business regarding all the parties. Blockchain in Fashion Industry: If purchasers pick an manufacturer to purchase customization clothing, the stage receives tending to technique in view of six-degrees-of-separation blockchain hypothesis to coordinate the comparing planner, where the coordinating procedure needs to ascertain the separation amongst buyer and creator (Hyde Kulkarni, 2017). Along these lines in this area, we propose the model of consumer fashioner relationship and consumer clothing relationship in CDCI hubs. The client proposes the request that she will purchase a specific sort of clothing or originator; at that point the stage looks through the system in view of six-degrees-of-separation blockchain hypothesis. The consequences of savvy coordinating of clothing and designers, which show a few items or designers arranging by the level of coordinating, demonstrate the key components in the system of coordinating and represent how the outcome is suit for the proprietor's request. Take the customer clothing coordinating, for instance. After the client picks one item, she can put it on through the 3D display on the double. Then, as appeared in Figure 6, she can change the key parameters of the fabric, for example, estimate, shading, material, and so on and watch the trail impact synchronously (Lee Pilkington, 2017). Moreover, the client has the opportunity to co-outline with the originator in the event that she is not happy with a few subtle elements. In Banking Industry: The improvement of financial technology (FinTech) in regions, for example, portable Internet, distributed computing, big data, web crawlers, and blockchains has fundamentally changed the financial business, constraining customary banks to change and update. Versatile Internet, distributed computing, big data, blockchain technology, and other FinTech have significantly changed conventional commercial banks. In the first place, they have broken the connections and channels between customary banks and clients (Chen et al., 2017). Interestingly, Citibank's Internet back technique is coordinated at center FinTech and has clear spending plans. In the event that the customary Citibank is additionally observed as a bike, at that point the new technique could make Citibank into a plane. Its six creative bearings can be viewed as the front of the plane, guaranteeing the change from a customary commercial bank to an ordinary bank. The advancement labs, startup hatcheries, and investment empower the bank to keep following, creating, and having its own particular center FinTech, which constitutes Citibank's motor (Oh et al., 2017). The hierarchical advancement mode and critical assets for development are steady with blockchain disintermediation, which speaks to the plane's wings. Henceforth, we can allude to Citibank's redesign strategy as an "off-line mode." Redefine versatile Internet back. Versatile Internet has broken the limitations of time and space, and the customary financial biology will change. The genuine data asymmetry of the past could be diminished with the advancement of FinTech. Blockchain technology could remake the type of commercial banks. Later on, there may be no banks. In this manner, portable Internet fund is the eventual fate of banking (Sikorski, Haughton Kraft, 2017). Versatile Internet is not just a stage yet in addition a methods for advancement. Blockchain in Payment Gateway: Since the start of the World Wide Web there have been many endeavors to execute micropayments. How the customer responds to this test contrasts relying upon which of the three 21 micropayments frameworks you utilize. With on-chain transactions, the customer makes and communicates another transaction for each test issued by the server. With off-chain transactions (BitTransfers), the customer and server pay each other from their 21.co support, and after that flush to the blockchain when done (Otoo et al., 2017). With micropayment channels, the client incidentally bolts up some of their satoshis on the blockchain and would then be able to discharge them one satoshi at an opportunity to a trader by making a unique transaction the shipper can communicate to the blockchain before the client's bolt terminates. This enables the client to make rehashed installments as low as a solitary satoshi for the transaction charge cost of only two on-chain transactions. Electronic micropayments are put away and transported in advanced shape, which present another host of issues for the improvement of secure electronic installment frameworks. Security of micropayment frameworks is a test of security in the innovation being actualized. Disappointments of the hidden innovation, programming or equipment, can considerably diminish the trust on a micropayment framework. Adaptability of a plan is important to adjust to the progressions that may rise if a framework cannot respond to the possibly fast increment of the transaction activity (Lin Liao, 2017). Anonymity concerns identify with the measure of information different gatherings have of others. Traders or banks typically have no anonymity, while clients may have at any rate halfway anonymity. Anonymity is a specialized test that is characterized on a scarcely discernible difference. Blockchain Methodology in Hospital Industry: The blockchain system tends to a large number of the issues with current health IT standards that include security (particularly information integrity)1 and protection, changelessly guaranteeing communicated characters, making very vigorous review trails and enhancing healthcare-related security for the two suppliers and patients. The ONC should 1 "Security" is a mind boggling field, and incorporates Data Integrity, Data Privacy, Data Confidentiality and Data Quality issues, notwithstanding conventional "Security" matters (Broderson et al., 2016). These can be viewed as Information Governance subjects as delineated in the accompanying white proactively investigate this innovation and get ready for how it will assume a part in an immense range of potential healthcare utilize cases. All together for the ONC to play out its part successfully, there is a critical need to understand blockchain from the viewpoints of the innovation itself, the vital registering power, the human ranges of a bilities required to work in such a domain, and how to best use blockchain developments. To be compelling, a blockchain must be added substance to the healthcare biological community clients ought not see it as a "rip and replace" innovation that refutes or limits existing innovation ventures (Frey et al., 2017). Moreover, in spite of the buildup encompassing blockchain innovation, it is not a cure-just for what upsets the healthcare biological system yet rather an instrument in the healthcare tool kit one that may confront a portion of similar difficulties current administration models do. Be that as it may, it additionally has a remarkable capacity to convey attachment to a generally dissimilar and excessively confused arrangement of conveying information over the healthcare range (Dubovitskaya et al., 2017). Blockchain Technique for the Medium Sized Financial Organization: Public Blockchain is open compose, in which anybody can take an interest. All members may uninhibitedly get to information and make transactions, yet since various unconfirmed clients are taking an interest, propelled encryption and check are required, and in this manner, network development is troublesome and it is moderate (Ketterer, 2017). Not at all like Public Blockchain, which gave pseudo-obscurity, it is conceivable to distinguish the subject in Private Blockchain. The transactions are dealt with quick, network development is simple and could be adjusted whichever way the client wishes, and consequently, is reasonable for the money related service. Consortium Blockchain is the middle of the road sort of Public Blockchain and Private Blockchain (Rosa et al., 2016). Not at all like Private Blockchain in which the proprietor has the expert, have the pre-set hubs had the specialist in this Blockchain. Blockchain is an appropriated ledger innovation, composed as network members sparing and checking the transaction information. The current undertakings of money related organizations was chosen by the ledger of the records and oversaw by a particular establishment, paying little respect to whether there was a real stockpiling of the proprietorship on the benefits (Anjum, Sporny Sill, 2017). In the request store, which represents the greater part of the money being circled today, banks deal with the adjust for every client, to favor and record stores and withdrawals, and the national bank records in the ledger the adjust for each bank, and handle the exchanges of assets between the banks. Blockchain does not require an outsider in the center, so you can see the impact of decreasing expenses and administration cost, and the data is mutually claimed, so it is hard to control discretionarily (Brandon, 2016). As various establishments are associated with the transaction, the universal se ttlement service, in which the clients have to a compensation high charge, is perceived as the field where the Blockchain innovation is most valuable, in which transactions between the people without a middle person is conceivable. Blockchain innovation assumes control over the transaction data of ledger and conveys it into a P2P network as opposed to placing it into the concentrated server of the money related foundations, in this way influencing the members to record and deal with the transaction data in the meantime, which fathoms the high cost of data administration and hacking issues. Right now, monetary establishments are overseeing transaction records with different organizations in light of the put stock in third service supplier (Ketterer, 2017). Utilizing the Blockchain innovation, it has built up a non-up close and personal genuine name check prove material stockpiling system, which could affirm whether non-eye to eye genuine name confirmation prove materials are produced or distorted. In the event that financial balance is opened through the portable, the affirmation of ID card and exchange subtle elements must be demonstrated on the web, for the non-eye to eye genuine name check. Amid this procedur e, noxious aggressors can't produce the information of the proof materials, and phony and misrepresentation of information can be confirmed without the requirement for the first information (Anjum, Sporny Sill, 2017). In this way, proficient verification of information is conceivable. Ethical, Social and Legal Considerations: Ethical Considerations: Today, blockchain, disseminated ledgers and keen contracts speak to conceivably otherworldly innovation that could upset numerous businesses. Lawyers are gatekeepers of reason and astuteness; be that as it may, knowledge contracts and dispersed ledgers are being made now by designers, regularly with no counsel from lawyers (Beck et al., 2017). Embracing a couple of sound judgment measures while sending blockchain and disseminated ledger innovation, will enable invested individuals to keep away from the killer's hatchet. Blockchain, disseminated ledger innovation, and shrewd contracts are energizing since they offer the advantages of security, straightforwardness, changelessness and proficiency Social Considerations: The decentralized qualities of the blockchain and brilliant contracts imply that an understanding based on its stage does not require a different gathering. What's more, since savvy contracts are basically computer code, legally binding conditions could be converted into consistent capacities which trigger consequently when set conditions are met. Bitcoin has as of late given money related administrations to a high number of individuals without access to managing an account by means of computerized wallets, platinum cards and ATMs (Pazaitis, Filippi Kostakis, 2017). It has moreover permitted micropayments and microloans to individuals in impeded financial conditions, unwinding a total new type of preferred standpoint for the world economy. Legal Consideration: One of the key qualities of blockchain is that it is said to be virtually unhackable because of the perplexing cryptography and the appropriated idea of the ledger: it is comprehended that a programmer goal on debasement or misbehavior would require more registering power than at any rate a large portion of the hubs in the blockchain (Beck et al., 2017). This glaring difference an unmistakable difference to the shortcoming of such a large number of existing exceedingly brought together frameworks with a solitary purpose of disappointment. Conclusion: The study concludes that the blockchain method if used within the medium sized bank then the transmission of information to and from form consumer to bank database will be immensely secured. Mobile Internet, distributed computing, huge information, blockchain innovation, and other FinTech have extraordinarily changed conventional business banks. In the first place, they have broken the connections and channels between conventional banks and clients. Before, the connection amongst banks and clients was set up and kept up through business services. Recommendation: Network: A worldwide network is basic to helping banks utilize blockchain to help change payments at scale and help decrease danger of disappointment. The best network ought to have two characterizing attributes: It ought to incorporate the vital characterized rights, commitments, controls, and measures and it should offer a speedy and effective onboarding process that empowers banks to basically "fitting and play" into the network for both existing and future passages. Educating Key Stakeholders: Past these variables is something more essential: The need to instruct key stakeholders inside the association on blockchain's tremendous potential advantages and positive effects. Application in Payment: At last, administrators said really applying blockchain effectively to payments will require cultivating an exceptional coordination among banks which is crucial to creating the positive network impacts that make blockchain so convincing. Reference List: Anjum, A., Sporny, M., Sill, A. (2017). Blockchain standards for compliance and trust. IEEE Cloud Computing, 4(4), 84-90. Beck, R., Becker, C., Lindman, J., Rossi, M. (2017). Opportunities and Risks of Blockchain Technologies (Dagstuhl Seminar 17132). In Dagstuhl Reports (Vol. 7, No. 3). Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik. Brandon, D. (2016). The BLOCKCHAIN: The Future of Business Information Systems?. International Journal of the Academic Business World, 10(2). Broderson, C., Kalis, B., Leong, C., Mitchell, E., Pupo, E., Truscott, A. (2016). Blockchain: Securing a New Health Interoperability Experience. Chen, Z., Li, Y., Wu, Y., Luo, J. (2017). The transition from traditional banking to mobile internet finance: an organizational innovation perspective-a comparative study of Citibank and ICBC. Financial Innovation, 3(1), 12. de la Rosa, J. L., Gibovic, D., Torres, V., Maicher, L., Miralles, F., El-Fakdi, A., Bikfalvi, A. (2016). On Intellectual Property in Online Open Innovation for SME by means of Blockchain and Smart Contracts. In 3rd Annual World Open Innovation Conf. WOIC. Dubovitskaya, A., Xu, Z., Ryu, S., Schumacher, M., Wang, F. (2017). Secure and Trustable Electronic Medical Records Sharing using Blockchain. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.06528. Frey, R. M., Bhler, P., Gerdes, A., Hardjono, T., Fuchs, K. L., Ilic, A. (2017). The Effect of a Blockchain-Supported, Privacy-Preserving System on Disclosure of Personal Data. In The 16th IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA 2017). IEEE. Frey, R., Wrner, D., Ilic, A. (2016). Collaborative Filtering on the Blockchain: A Secure Recommender System for e-Commerce. Hyde, O., Kulkarni, K. G. (2017). Counterfeits and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): the Fashion Industry. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, 14(3). Ketterer, J. A. (2017). Digital Finance: New Times, New Challenges, New Opportunities. Inter-American Development Bank. Lee, J. H., Pilkington, M. (2017). How the Blockchain Revolution Will Reshape the Consumer Electronics Industry [Future Directions]. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 6(3), 19-23. Lin, I. C., Liao, T. C. (2017). A Survey of Blockchain Security Issues and Challenges. IJ Network Security, 19(5), 653-659. Nan, Y., Nan, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Shen, J., Shen, J., ... Chai, Y. (2017). A study on MCIN model in intelligent clothing industry. International Journal of Crowd Science, 1(2), 133-145. Oh, J., Oh, J., Shong, I., Shong, I. (2017). A case study on business model innovations using Blockchain: focusing on financial institutions. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(3), 335-344. Otoo, A. A. A., Li, Z., Antwi, H. A., Acheampong, P., Otoo, C. O. A. (2017). Acceptance and Adoption of e-Commerce Payments and Implications for International Trade. European Journal of Contemporary Research, 6(1). Pazaitis, A., De Filippi, P., Kostakis, V. (2017). Blockchain and value systems in the sharing economy: The illustrative case of Backfeed. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Sikorski, J. J., Haughton, J., Kraft, M. (2017). Blockchain technology in the chemical industry: Machine-to-machine electricity market. Applied Energy, 195, 234-246.

Events Planning and Management free essay sample

What is an EventSpecial or spectacular occasions where people gather together for a purpose whether they be to celebrate, educate, promote or commemorate. They are not the usual and ordinary activities that one engages in as part of his daily life Who is an Event PlannerAn event planner is, quite simply someone who organizes events. He is the person behind the scenes who gets the job done and make sure everything is done and done flawlessly to ensure successful staging of the event. He must be well versed and trained on the communication and organization aspects and requirements of the job. Event planners usually get their start doing, supplying or providing services in one or two particular aspect of an special events such as catering, floral arranging, entertaining and talent agents eg before they decide to plan entire events. Or they may also have started planning and coordinating events for companies they were employed with before deciding to go into the business for themselves Since events may vary in size, scope and complexity, it may require an event planner to do any number of different task but all with the end result of achieving a successful event Categories of EventsSocial Events- more on a local level, attendees are usually related and/or know each other on a more personal level. Care and caution must be taken as the event planner may find himself in the storm of a family event , as emotions often run high on these special occasions. Make sure everyone knows their role and exactly what’s expected of them. List of common social events: weddings, reunions, housewarming/blessings/holiday parties and dinners/birthday parties/bar or bat mitzvahs/baby showers/anniversary parties/bridal showers/stag parties, et al. Corporate Events- the term â€Å"corporate† includes not only companies but also charities and nonprofit organizations. Charities and nonprofit organizations host gala fundraisers, receptions and athletic competitions, among other events, to expand their public support base and raise funds. Companies host trade shows, conventions, company outings, holiday parties and meetings for their employees, staff, board members and stock holders. Some types of corporate events: Annual shareholder meetings, board meetings, client appreciation events, company socials (such as holiday parties, intramurals and sports events, company outings), groundbreaking ceremonies, incentive travel, open houses, new product launch, press briefings, staff training, union events/meetings et al Industry Events Industry events today are sophisticated affairs designed to inform, influence and form consensus on a specific issue or common topic. Industry specific events include: Conventions, association meetings, conferences, industry tradeshows, public exhibitions(bridal fairs, auto shows, home shows), symposiums et al Special Events – The term â€Å"special events† can describe a broad range of affairs which are big, national or local in scope such as major sporting events (palarong pambansa), major public events (EDSA Day celebration), major cultural and religious affairs ( Baguio mayflower festival, dinagyang, ati-atihan, sinulog festival), However special events may also be much smaller, specific and more private in scope. List of special events include the following: Award events, book launching, signing/author reading, CD release parties, charity fund raisers, children’s festival, ethnic celebrations, fashion shows, holiday special events, inauguration ball, music festival, parades, political forums or debates, restaurant openings, sporting event-car races, store grand openings STEPS IN EVENTS PLANNING 1. Client Consultation Whether you have your own event planning business or work full time planning events for one company you will work with clients. As a corporate events planner your internal clients will be other departments (HRD, Marketing, Operations etc). on the other hand if you are doing events planning independently you will be dealing with company representatives or in some cases the company officials themselves. In each case consultation will be of primary importance as these will determine the direction, objective and purpose and vision of the event. At the initial meeting do more listening than talking, pay careful attention to everything the client says, make notes or record the meeting(with clients permission), bring an assistant to make notes for you. When its your turn, ask the client to describe their vision for the event. Then from broad ideas, you will refine the vision as you move through the planning process. Questions such as those below will help the events planner to begin to visualize the event and serve as the foundation for all the work to come. Things to discus with the client: What kind of event do you want What do you hope to accomplish When is the event to be held Who are expected to attend What is the budget At the end of the consultation you should have a clear picture of what your client envisions for their event and be able to form a clear, concise â€Å"mission statement† or objective. Other things to discus: who will be involved in the planning process, who will be the key decision makers, and how information should flow during the planning stage. This is precisely to anticipate and eliminate possible roadblocks as you can before you reach them since as the events planner it is your responsibility to take charge of planning. After the initial meeting and while it is still fresh on the mind of both parties (planner and client) summarize the discussion in writing and send a copy to the client if possible on the same day or soon after. 2. Set Objectives The best and most successful events have a clear purpose or objective. Event planners can avail of the SMART method for setting strategic objectives: Specific- What is the specific result of you event Measurable- Outcome should be measurable accurately Attainable- Given the existing budget and resources and constraint, is the objective attainable Relevant- Do the people involved have the authority, the skill and the resources needed to meet the objective? Is the objective important to the organization or individual? Time- Based- Is there a start and end point to the objective? Setting smart objectives will not only make the planning easier but will help measure the success of the event and create a positive experience for all involved. 3. Choose a Date and a Location At this planning stage, preferred date should be decided upon. Client will often but not always come with a date in mind for the event. If they don’t, it will be your job to help pick a suitable date. But whether you do the setting of the date or not you need to consider the following before choosing the date or accepting the client. Things to consider when choosing a date: Consider your availability Consider other events in the area Consider the season and usual weather in the chosen location Consider your suppliers Consider other related events Consider other holidays Consider your time needs 4. Decide Who to Invite Your client needs to give you an idea of who they want to attend their event before you can begin to formulate a plan to attract the target audience or plan activities. The following data or information are required (depending on the type of event) How many people are to be invited Will spouses or children also attend Demographics of the target audience (eg. Gender, median age, ethnic background, income bracket) Common or shared interest What payback does the client expect Where are the attendees coming from (travel arrangement, customs and traditions) 5. Create Your Theme The most memorable events have a cohesive theme that runs through-out, from initial publicity to printed invitations to decor and right through to the entertainment and final applause. One of the biggest advantages of a strong theme is its usefulness in helping you make decisions throughout the event process. Once a theme has been decided on, print materials such as invitations, banners, place cards, brochures, advertising and websites can be designed. Where to get ideas for a great theme Brainstorm Events Industry Current Events and Trends Adding a Musical Touch 6. Set the Event Agenda After the date, guest list, the theme and setting of the smart objectives , its time to set the agenda for the event. Whether its a simple house blessing or a three day corporate event, its important to layout the entire schedule. Include adequate time for arrival, socializing, speeches, awards/games, food, etc. â€Å"Visualize† the event and run through the entire program from start to finish. Make notes of all you might need such as materials, services, special arrangements, eg. Create a list of vendors and suppliers to contact and task to be done. GETTING ORGANIZED As an event planner, you will need a variety of organizational tools that will help you keep track of all the many details involved in organizing the event and ensuring an orderly and systematic execution of plans aimed towards making the event successful 1. Establish an Event Committee Although it is a given that you will do all the planning and planning of the event yourself, in most cases, you will work with a group of people who are expected to make the event successful Choose a select group of key people to form an Events Committee Assign specific task to each committee member Regular committee meeting Document everything 2. Create a Timeline Schedule Base your timeline on factors such as The size of the event The location The time of year The number of people involved in the planning Develop an outline of specific tasks, deadlines and responsibilities 3. Adding Detail As you start developing your checklist, add as much detail as possible for each item. For example under the â€Å"Assigned tasks for day of event† list the specific task that needs to be assigned such driving to airport pick up, supervising set up, leading briefing sessions with speakers, seating, greeting, supervising set up of luncheon, etc. Once you have develop the checklist, assign target dates to each item, It is a good idea to work backwards from your event date 4. Critical Path ( Assignment of Task) A critical path lists each of the tasks that needs to be accomplished; who is responsible for it and the deadline by which it will be done. It is used as a guide map for the event to assist when delegating responsibilities and show whether you are on track. 5. Budgets Creating a budget is an important ingredient in a successful event. Once you have created a timeline schedule and critical path, you can come up with a list of estimated expenses such as venue rental, food, transportation, accommodations, audio-visual equipment, printed materials and gifts. Get price quotations from your suppliers to find out how much a particular item costs You will also need to include your own fee and corporate clients may want to include any staff time they spend on the event as an expense. When planning a budget, include your potential revenue to offset the cost. For example, is the event a fundraiser? Is it a conference or convention that should aim to cover its own expenses? Attendance fees, sales of related materials, donations, ticket sales and sponsorships can all be good ways to raise revenues. After the event you should compare actual expenses and revenues to your budgeted amounts. This will help you determine if your objectives were met and it may assist in budgeting for future events. PREPARATION TIME FOR VARIOUS EVENTS TIMELINE SCHEDULE EVENT TYPE Recommended Preparation Time Wedding 3-6 months Parties (birthdays/anniversaries/debut) 1-3 months Seminars/Meetings 1-3 months Conference / Convention ~ Domestic ~ International 6months – 1year 1-2years Organized Tours / Field Trips 1-3 months Concerts 6months and above Festivals 6month-1year Exhibitions / Expositions ~ Domestic ~ International 6months-1year 1-2years Sales Bazaar (â€Å"tiange†, night market) 6months Competition / Contests 6months-1year Sport Festivals 6months-1year SAMPLE TIME ALLOCATION (More Than A Year Pre-planning Activity) Activity Period Announcement date location 52weeks before the event First press date 24-36weeks Publication 24th week Mailing of brochures 14-18th week Mailing of 2nd reminder 14th week Mailing of final reminder 8-12th week Mailing of final program 2-6 weeks Sample Budget Groundbreaking Ceremony Estimated Expenses Groundbreaking Site Tent 1,200. 00 Chairs600. 00 Banner600. 00 Podium Sign150. 00 Lights150. 00 Flowers600. 00 Shovels200. 00 Subtotal 3, 500. 00 Luncheon Expenses Lunch 12,000. 00 Rental of Civic Center 1,500. 00 Floral centerpieces600. 00 Gifts for dignitaries (6plaques) 2,000. 00 Gifts for guests (60 mini shovels) 1,600. 00 Information kit folders 1,500. 00 Printing of Fact Sheet 650. 00 Podium Sign 150. 00 Subtotal20, 000. 00 Other Expenses Services of Event Planner 10,000. 00 Long distance / Phone300. 00 Printing of Invitations 1,200. 00 Courier charges for invitations500. 00 Delivery of boxes to site500. 00 Photographer800. 00 Sound system 1,500. 00 Event Planner’s transportation600. 00 Rental of van/minibus 2,500. 00 News release 1,000. 00 Subtotal18,900 . 00 TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENSES42, 400. 00 (taxes not included) Event Planning Budget Form EXPENSES Estimated Actual Site Venue or tent rental______________________ Tables and chairs______________________ Meals and beverages ______________________ Tableware rental______________________ Staging______________________ Audiovisual equipment______________________ Decorations______________________ Flowers______________________ Other: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Program Musicians______________________ Speakers______________________ Celebrities______________________ Entertainers______________________ Gifts______________________ Award______________________ Activities (e. g. golf)______________________ Other: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Event Planning Budget Form (continued) EXPENSES Estimated Actual Printing and Promotion Printing invitations______________________ Mailing invitations______________________ Banners and signs ______________________ Printing tickets______________________ Event programs______________________ Name tags______________________ Shipping materials to venue______________________ Advertising______________________ Distribution of news release______________________ Media kits______________________ Long distance telephone______________________ Other: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Personnel Event Planner______________________ Staff salaries and benefits______________________ Registration______________________ Photographer______________________ Bartenders______________________ Security staff______________________ Set-up and tear down______________________ Other: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Event Planning Budget Form (continued) EXPENSES Estimated Actual Travel Airline tickets______________________ Hotel rooms______________________ Ground transportation ______________________ Other: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Other Expenses Registration fees______________________ Ticket sales______________________ Sponsorships______________________ Advertising in event program______________________ Other: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ REVENUE Estimated Actual Registration fees______________________ Ticket sales______________________ Donations______________________ Sponsorships______________________ Advertising in event program ______________________ Other: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ COSTING OF A BIRTHDAY EVENT Profile: No. of Persons: 50 Time: 7pm-12mn (5hours) Site: Function Rooms 3 – Globe Telecom Plaza AT COST 1. Venue a. Function room rate †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2,300. 00 b. Electricity for 5hours†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 500. 00 c. Parking for ingress and egress†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 100. 00 d. Move-in (refundable)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1,500. 00 4,400. 00 2. Decor a. Balloons and Arrangement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2,500. 00 (free 50balloons/arched shape/2tower) b. Flowers and Arrangement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1,250. 00 (centerpiece for guests tables buffet table)3,750. 00 3. Invitations Giveaways a. Invitations (P25. 00 x 50)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1,250. 00 b. Angels (70 pcs at P23. 00 each)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1,610. 00 2,860. 00 4. Tables and Chairs a. Rent for 6rounds tables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 270. 00 (for 8persons at 45. 00 each table) b. Rent of chairs (5. 00 x 50)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 250. 00 c. Rent of buffet table (100. 00 x 5)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 500. 00 d. Table Napkin (5. 00 x 50)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 250. 00 e. Chair cover with ribbon (15. 00 x 50) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 750. 00 2,020. 00 5. Audio Equipment a. Rental†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5,000. 00 5,000. 00 6. Food (2 appetizers/ 5 courses / 2desserts/ bottomless drinks-tea/ softdrinks) a. Cost Breakdown 250. 00 rate per person 25. 00 10% service fee 275. 00 x 50 persons†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13,750. 00 13,750. 00 TOTAL 31,780. 00 YOUR COSTS CHECKLIST TYPE OF COST Details Examples FIXED COST Projection Screens, Video projectors, slide projector/OHP, video players(back-up player), preview monitor, LCD for Power point presentation, laser pointer, lectern monitors Sound Speakers, lectern microphones, tie-microphones, CD player, talkback system, mixer cabling, adaptors, music copyright or creation fees Speaker support Design, image production, print proofs, scriptwriting, speaker training, rehearsals Staging Design lecterns, backdrop, steps, dais, furnishings, graphics, carpeting, seating area, special construction, drop banners, room decorations, floor plan, revised lay-outs. Lighting Design, equipment hire, installation, crew, freight and transportation, rigging and de-rigging costs Crew/Staff Get-in crew, on-site crew, De-rigging crew, transportation per diems (allowance for sustenance) for each member, show caller, script assistant, live video crew, lighting director, sound technician, vision technician Fees and Insurance ‘Procedure’s fee, Project fee, contingency for administration cost, equipment insurance Invitations process Cost of advertising, posters, and follow-up activity, flyers, direct mail costs Function Rooms and Contracts VARIABLE COSTS Banqueting Food and Beverages Accommodation Types of accommodations and, inclusions Travel Types of transportations and inclusions Fees Porterage fees, gratuity fees, parking fees, service charges Decors/Giveaways Flowers, candles, souvenir items Insurance Surety bonds, cash bonds, personal accident insurance, travel insurance CONTIGENCY COSTS Contingency for direct costs Contingency for currency fluctuations Peso-dollar exchange rate TYPE OF COST DESCRIPTION LIKELY PERCENTAGE F I X E D C O S T S Production, staging outside speakers Invitation process, marketing, design Venue Agency fees Signage Security, car parking set-up Cabaret, entertainment Registration costs Utilities (telephone, faxes, e-mail) We weather back-up 35% Production Costs could be as much as 25% of direct costs V A R I A B L E C O S T S Meals, breaks Beverages Accommodation Travel Delegate print Table/room gifts Porterage, car parking per person Late bar drinks Insurance, purchase tax Gratuity Fees 50% CONTINGENCY 10% to cover all contingencies for direct costs Allowance for currency movements (for abroad) 15% TOTAL BUDGET 100% 6. Crisis and Back Up Planning Disasters and crises can range from relatively small (the guest of honor’s plane is delayed due to bad weather) to huge and seemingly insurmountable, like the heavy rains and flooding that tropical storm Ondoy brought in Sept. 2009 . A good event planner will be able to think on his or her feet for the small stuff, and have a solid crisis plan in place for dealing with the biggies. You can’t possibly expect to plan for every type of crisis, but a little advance planning will go along way to ensure that you can handle whatever comes your way. a. Maintenance Emergencies If your event takes place in hotel or convention facility you should discuss emergency plans with the Director of Sales and Maintenance Engineer. They should provide you with a contact at the site who will take care of any emergency or maintenance issues. If your event is being held in a private hall, find out who in their organization is responsible for facility maintenance and ask for someone to be available during your event. In your contact list, keep numbers of 24-hour locksmiths, plumbers and electricians. b. Medical Emergencies When planning a large outdoor festival or sporting event, it is advisable to have first aid personnel on hand for emergencies. Festival-goers may suffer from heat stroke (or hypothermia in a cold location), minor or major cuts, sunburn or food poisoning. It’s a good idea to include in your rental items a tent that can be used to shelter people fro the sun or cold while receiving treatment for minor injuries. Discuss option and get advice from your local ambulance volunteer force or contracted service providers. Be sure to include the local hospital, emergency line and non-emergency police number in your list of contacts. Organizing the Team for the Event Most events are organized through good team (2 or more persons working together) work. It is important that when tasks are allocated within a team the strengths of its members are put to good use. For example, it is no good asking someone to be the secretary who is has little skills in oral communications. The following are the roles that can be adopted in any event: Coordinator Secretary Treasurer Marketing/Promotion **The Number in the Team and their responsibilities will vary according to the scale of the event. It is important that all team members fully understand what their jobs entail and are aware of all the schedules and deadlines that have been agreed. It is much better to have someone in your team who is reliable rather than a â€Å"prima donna† who promises everything and delivers nothing. Planning Contributions to A Team Event Most events are not the result of one person’s work alone. Events are made through the concerted efforts of a group of people or a team who are working for the same general objective ~ to achieve a successful event. Within this team there will be a number of weakness in their areas of work. These skills, strengths and weaknesses should considered carefully when the various jobs within the team are allocated. Each team member will plan their own contribution to the event to be staged. The following details have to be considered: How one’s role in an event can support another’s and can support the objectives of the event How by adopting certain methods the resources available can be used to their maximum benefit What a person should do when something happens and their role does not go to plan Problems that may occur and how they could be handled effectively to try to reduce their impact on the event How staff and customers can be informed promptly and clearly of any changes which may affect them General guidelines for undertaking a role in an event Roles and Responsibilities of the Team The Coordinator (Chairperson) Overseas the Event Liaising with other members of the team Ensures that deadlines are met Raises any problems that may be occurring and finding solutions Chairs meetings of the event committee Ensures that everyone has a fair share of time to raise issues. Voice opinions etc. at meeting discuss issues Makes sure that the agenda for the meeting is covered Resolves any disagreements in the team regarding issues concerning the event through voting The Administrator Deals with correspondence, letters and other forms of communications Produces minutes of committee meetings Assist other members of the team with administrator The Financial Controller (Treasurer) Overseas all financial transactions Records financial transactions Holds the cheque book Sets-up a secure system using money available Produces income/expenditure accounts with receipts and others clearly documented Designs procedures for the secure holding of income before, during and after the event Ensures that the event meets the budget set The Publicity Officer Promotes the event Organizes promotional materials (ads, leaf- lets, brochures, flyers, etc) according to the scale of the event Liaising with outside agencies (eg. Local newspaper companies, radio/TV stations, etc. ) Organizes press coverage of the event The Facility Officer Finds and organizes the venue Organizes special tools and equipment needed in the event such as lighting fixtures, sound system etc Arranges for security Arranges for parking Arranges toilet facilities and waste disposal **Though each team member has his own set of res- ponsibilities, it is imperative that he communicate effectively with the others so that problems (should they arise) can be highlighted and dealt with as effectively as possible. After the Team has been organized, the following details will now be covered: Reason/s for holding the event Objectives to be attained Your target beneficiaries/market Period to hold the event Identifying the best site to hold the event The cost of the event including budget allocation The selling price of the event (per person/ per total package cost) The financial goal of the event ~ To raise money To make a profit To cover costs of the event A time-scale of how different tasks to be planned and implemented The need for good team effort, sticking to budgets and using resources available to their best advantages Efficient uses of communications between members Effective publicity Contingency plans Strategy for dealing with customers A good working environment friendly, support, etc Feedback to all contributions on the outcome of the event 3 PHASES OF EVENT MANAGEMENT 1. Pre~Event Phase (Preparation of Materials) Organization of the Team Venue/Site Selection Food Requirements Equipments Tools Preparation of Materials Decors/Artwork Communications Proposal Promotions Schedule of Activities (Program) Costing and Design 2. Actual Event Phase (Implementation Administrative Stage) Production of Materials Needed for the Event Promotions Rehearsal/ Final Briefing Decorations Registration The Output Security Participant’s Evaluation 3. Post Event Phase (Disposal Stage) Egress Evaluation Profitability of the Event Building your Budget Defining the budget is the first major challenge an event organizer faces as eh plans the event. An experienced organizer will know whether the budget is sufficient to do the job to the standard expected. Depending on the event you are organizing, compile a checklist of all costs that will be incurred in making the event happen. Classify costs accordingly: Fixed Costs Variable Costs Contingency Budget CO-PRENEURS OF AN EVENT ORGANIZER 1. Hotels and Other lodging Facilities 2. Travel Agents/Consultants 3. Caterers/ Food Establishment 4. Airline Companies and Other modes of Transportation 5. Artist 6. Audio/ Visuals Consultants 7. Other events specialist (wedding planner/meeting Planner/tour planner) 8. Entertainers/Talents 9. Professionals and consultants, EVALUATING THE EVENT Evaluation of any event is concerned with the feedback from the event – not just from those who organized or staffed the event but from anyone who played a part in it. This could include: Staff Organizers Clients/Visitors Volunteers Sponsors Officials And other co-preneurs of the event planner When an event is planned the purpose of the event is clearly defined. It is against this that the event should be evaluated. Evaluation does not just take place at the end of an event. It is an ongoing process which occurs throughout the event. During the planning stage everything to do with the event is monitored and if any problems appear, adjustments have to be made. It is through this process that the event is finally stage and organized to meet the objectives of the event. **The opportunity to review and evaluate the event is important as a learning exercise. If the event is to be stage again in the future it is an invaluable help as the thing that went well can be repeated and those things that were not too successful can be changed next time. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR EVENTS BE PREPARED. As the Scout motto says! Good preparation is the foundation for a good event. If the team as a whole are well prepared this will set the tone for the event. BE CLEAR ABOUT YOUR OBJECTIVES. Make sure that the all team fully understand what is to be achieved by the staging of this event. If all team members are will informed, everyone will be working towards the same goal. WORKS AS A TEAM. Any good team builds on the strength of its members and is supportive and helpful to each other. To operate effectively the team should meet on a regular basis and be able to communicate with each other with relative and be able to communicate with each other with relative ease. A good team has a good team leader at its front. This team leader should be a good motivator who can generate enthusiasm and perseverance. REMEMBER CUSTOMER CARE. A smile of welcome costs nothing and will affect the way visitors feel about the event. Remember, even if your stand/ job in the event isn’t very busy do not sir around looking bored and uninterested – this is sure to put potential clients off. Try to be alert, ready for action and enthusiastic at all times. If clients enjoy the event they will come back and tell their friends. BE RECOGNIZABLE. More and more teams in organizations are adopting their own uniforms. These help the visitors as it makes the staff immediately recognizable from the clients. When you stage an event you should consider adopting a uniform for all the staff involved in the event. This does not have to be complicated or expensive . For example, the team may decide to wear black trousers and a white T-shirt. These are items of clothing that most people have in their wardrobes. Plain colored T-shirts are relatively inexpensive to purchase. You may have the name of your event on the front, or local screen printer would do this at a small cost. This creates a good image for the visitors of the event and is something the rest of the team can keep to remind them of the event in the future. KEEP TO SCHEDULES. Reliability, both within the team and within the event itself, sis important. The team should make sure the all deadlines are met if it is at all possible to do so. Punctuality should be important for all team meetings etc. If someone is always late for a meeting it is unsurprising that other team members act on their knowledge and turn up, not at the start time of befo